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Oral Health Gum Disease Gum disease (also called periodontal disease) including gingivitis are serious infections that, left untreated, can lead to tooth loss. But more importantly, even mild gum disease has been linked to a number of other serious illnesses which affect a large percentage of the population- EVEN HEALTHY ADULTS.
The word periodontal literally means (around the tooth). Periodontal disease is a chronic bacterial infection that affects the gums and bone supporting the teeth. Gum disease is caused by plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that constantly forms on the teeth. These bacteria create toxins that can damage the gums. In the early stages of gum disease, called gingivitis, the gums can become red, swollen and bleed easily. At this stage, the disease is still reversible and can usually be eliminated by daily oral care. In the most advanced stages of gum disease, called periodontitis, the gums and bone that support the teeth can become seriously damaged. The teeth can become loose, fall out or have to be removed by a dentist
SIGNS OF GUM DISEASE
- gums that bleed when you brush your teeth
- red, swollen or tender gums
- gums that have pulled away from the teeth
- bad breath that doesn't go away
- pus between tooth and gums
- loose teeth
TYPES OF PERIODONTAL DISEASE
There are many forms of periodontal disease. The most common ones include the following.
Gingivitis
Gingivitis is the mildest form of periodontal disease. It causes the gums to become Red, swollen and bleed easily. There is little to no discomfort at this stage. Gingivitis is reversible with professional treatment and good at home care.
Aggressive Periodontitis
If plaque is not removed it hardens into calculus (tarter). As plaque and calculus continue to build up, the gums begin to recede (pull away) from the teeth, and pockets form between teeth and gums.
Advanced Periodontitis
The gums recede farther, destroying more bone and the periodontal ligament. Teeth, even healthy teeth become loose and need to be extracted.
DENTAL EXAMINATIONS
Periodontitis is a silent disease, individuals rarely experience pain and may not be aware of the problem. A perio exam by your dentist twice a year should reveal any incipient or progressive problems. A full mouth series of x-rays is advised every two to three years. This will alert the dentist to early bone loss, the dentist will identify any areas where deep pocketing has occurred. Also where the health of the gingival appears compromised and where there is tooth mobility. Your dentist will inform you if you have Perio and if your condition is severe enough to see a periodontist.
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